MASS MEDIA RESEARCH PROPOSAL - 1377 Words

MASS MEDIA RESEARCH PROPOSAL FREEDOM OF INTERNET: A RESEARCH OF INTERNET USERS AMONG THE UiTM STUDENTS BY: MOHD AFIFI BIN ZAKARIA 2012447002 MC223S3A COMMUNICATION RESEARCH METHOD (COM533) DR. ZULKIFLI ABD. LATIFF Introduction of Research In this globalization era, the internet or the virtual world has becoming more complicated and has the potential by showing more effective platform of various collaborative activities which includes academic and education purposes. The intention and the desire regarding the uses of internet world are all about the uses of the internet. By doing this, it has led to the freedom of using the internet with the purpose of gaining information for various purpose that have arouse various of advantages and†¦show more content†¦Megan (2008) also added that individual who did not have access to the internet may feel nervous, uncertainty, anxious and unoccupied. Megan (2008) also described that users who are non-dependent use the internet beneficially and resourceful tool for personal, business and communication aspect. We must also learn why the user depends too much on the internet. We must identify the reason behind this study. According to Kaye (1998), he identified that six possible motives for using the internet are entertainment, social, interaction, pass time, escape, information and website preference. College student have their own objective as been told by Ebersole (2000) who discovered that college student use the internet for research and reading, for easy access materials to get product information and technology support in order for them to access games and sexually explicit site to conduct consumer transaction. The uses and gratification theory seeks to understand the uses of which people seek media to fulfill certain gratifications (Baran and Doris, 2006) by identifying how people utilize the media to gratify their needs and desire. Research Methodology The goal of this research is to see the impacts of the freedom of the internet as the main issue. This research will conduct by using the quantitative method, which means that it requires variables that can be measured. The data will be obtained through survey method by distributing questionnaires to the UiTMShow MoreRelatedMedia s Impact On Media1116 Words   |  5 Pagesculture and media, there have a range of perspectives that come from audience studies. The approaches state that the audiences, sometime, as the spectators, will make a particularly important impact on media, especially on new media. As following the technological development of the world, we barely are able to ignore the aspect of media, it does not matter that it is traditional media, or other optional the media like digital media, or even slightly controversial media like new media, and certainlyRead MoreThe Role Of Body Image And Social Media Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media is often viewed as †˜friendlier’ than mass media and more ‘real.’ Posts on Instagram, Facebook, and Tumblr are made by ‘real’ people. While many women have learned to recognize the inaccurate portrayals of the female body in mass media, fewer have made this connection with social media. An Instagram post can be edited, retouched, angled, and filtered to make the individual in the photo look drastically different from the way they appear in person, just as models are altered in mass mediaRead MoreHow the Representations of Women Differ in Mens Magazines Compared to Womens Magazines1013 Words   |  5 PagesHow the Representations of Women Differ in Mens Magazines Compared to Womens Magazines Hypothesis; Due to the changing roles of women, the media should reflect this in their representations. My intention is to find if there is a difference in the way women are portrayed in men’s magazines and women’s magazines. I would expect that men’s magazines would be more stereotypical of women (sex objects, domestic, vulnerable) whereas woman’s magazines would be more feministRead MorePhotographic Truth in the Digital Era Essay774 Words   |  4 PagesYear 3 ‘Individual Study’ Proposal Form Name: Cristina Dan Provisional Working Title: Photographic Truth in the Digital Era Description of the Research Area (this should be no less than 500 words): According to James Brooks, â€Å"the manipulation of meaning to assure an audience would destroy the reality of the work and debase the concept of communication.† The essay will examine how images are used nowadays in media to influence people’s opinions rather than only for artistic purposes. Read MorePeople are Obsessed with Social Media1679 Words   |  7 Pagescurrent generation is obsessed with media. You cannot walk anywhere without seeing teenagers, adults, and even kids using technology and social media. Everywhere you look there are ads to purchase the latest and greatest clothing, technology, or beauty products. Television standards have been lowered by the FCC and shows with explicit content have now taken over television leaving teenagers to idolize a lifestyle that is not to their best interest. But how does this media really affect us? What age isRead MoreMedia s Impact On Media Consumption Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesaccess an infinite amount of reso urces on the internet, 24 hours a day 7 days a week (XXXX). The rapid technological advancements has shifted the consumption of media from television, magazines and billboards to online digital media channels accessed via mobile devices, creating a ‘bedroom culture’ (Sumner, 2016) for many. The shift in media consumption has particularly been induced by the emergence of Social Networking Sites as well as other online platforms, which have become an integral part ofRead MoreHow Social Media Encourages Social Change959 Words   |  4 PagesMany Americans believe social media is making people waste their time by making us less productive while molding our daily activities as a stumbling block from all the distractions that it gives us. What about our collective life? How are we even going to find out about anyone that requires our help, along with our ways to assist others within that matter? Social media is an essential tool to promote true and lasting social change; be cause it is easily accessible to everyone worldwide. This is forRead MoreThe Role For Public Gatherings1300 Words   |  6 PagesInterestingly, the newspapers have demonstrated the substitute role for public gatherings in certain communities by addressing their shared issues of concern. So they become the first variable (Dylko, 2010). Secondly, another media use variable is exposure to the political news on TV. As a result, this news informs people about various current political situations and activities. However, lastly, the political talk shows having a unique format of discussions on a single issue with politicians andRead MoreTelevision Violence1499 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Who should be responsible for Television Violence? Composition II Who should be responsible for Television Violence? Can we afford to continue ignoring the connection between television violence and the increase in mass murders? The answer is no. We have to take a stance now and fight for stricter regulations by the government and the Federal Communications Committee (FCC). Television has been associated with influencing controversial acts since the beginning of its creationRead MoreSocial Media Has A Minimal Contact With Society?976 Words   |  4 PagesIs Social Media making us have a Minimal Contact with Society? Or is it Bringing People Together? Many Americans believe social media is making people waste their time by making us less productive while molding our daily activities as a stumbling block from all the distractions that it gives us. What about our collective life? How are we even going to find out about anyone that requires our help, along with our ways to assist others within that matter? Social media is an essential tool to promote

Free Reflection Essay Free Essays

The effectiveness of â€Å"Learning Exchange† as a tool for improving organizational effectiveness, through knowledge sharing, at Thomson Reuters. Purpose Thomson Reuters is a global information company, headquartered in the Canada, and operates in 93 countries with over 50,000 staff (Thomson Reuters, 2009). Being a knowledge based organization, Reuters was having problems with the flow of knowledge amongst different departments across several countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Free Reflection Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purpose of this paper therefore is to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly introduced â€Å"Learning Exchange† intranet platform as a tool for increasing knowledge sharing, in an organization where employees perceive the knowledge they have as an â€Å"reward-enhancing-asset†, where rewards are awarded based on what you know and not what you share. Methodology/Approach This paper aims to draw on a number of peer-reviewed journals and articles regarding knowledge sharing as a whole, and more specifically in a reward based competitive culture. The literature would also include theories on pre and post integration strategies for Knowledge Sharing Intranet applications, directed at organizational environments where knowledge sharing or transfer, without a pay benefit, was not the norm. Primary data would include a case study analysis and possible telephone discussions with few staff, in order to ascertain the success of the intranet integration as a method of encouraging knowledge sharing in the organization. Were any pre or post integration processes put into place, and if so, how successful were they at convincing those who had the information to share it with those who did not? Findings Though my eventual findings are not certain, preliminary literature research clearly outlines that the success rate of any Knowledge Management Intranet system is based on the culture of the organization (Ruppel and Harrington, 2001), willingness of staff to accept the application (Goh, 2007), and integration strategies put into place that would encourage all stakeholders to use the intranet (Goh, 2007). These integration strategies may include training programs (before, during and after implementation), communication, and enforcement methods (e.g. restricting access to certain important information, except it is accessed through the knowledge-sharing portal). Based on the preliminary research, I hope to find that the major barrier to the Intranet acceptance was the culture within the organization. I also hope to find that any success/failure recorded was largely dependent on the effectiveness of the integration process that management put into place. Research Limitations; My major limitations to this research would be negotiating access to the organization in order to discuss the effectiveness of the Intranet system as a method of improving organizational knowledge management. I also perceive limitations in the time limit within which I am required to submit this assignment, and also employee unwillingness to discuss a subjective issue regarding the culture within the organization and their perception of its knowledge-withholding reward based culture. Practical implications; The practical implications of this research would be based on the findings of my survey. If the intranet has been ineffective, then the solutions for a more successful approach would be based on the literature review findings that concur with employee perception. However if it has been successful, it would help in developing an approach in which culturally similar organizations could build and implement Knowledge Sharing Intranet Solutions. Originality/value of paper; The results of the finding, whatever implications it may have, would help to confirm whether existing literature accurately define the knowledge sharing culture within reward-based organizations. It would also aid in shedding a new light on integration processes that employees perceive as suitable, when designing and implementing Intranet solutions. Bibliography Issa, R. R., and Haddad, J. (2008) Perceptions of the impacts of organizational cultureand information technology on knowledge sharing in construction. Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management, Vol. 8 (3), p182-201 McElroy, M. W. (2003) The new knowledge management: complexity, learning and sustainable innovation. KMCI Press Series, Butterworth-Heinemann: London,246pp Nonaka, I. (2005) Knowledge Management: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management, Taylor Francis: New York, 1303pp Pan, S. L., and Scarbrough, H. (1998) A Socio-Technical View of Knowledge Sharing at Buckman Laboratories, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 2(1), p78-91 Reige, A. (2005) Three-dozen knowledge-sharing barriers managers must consider, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 9 (3), p18-35 Smith, P. A. (2005) Knowledge Sharing, The learning organisation: an internationaljournal, Vol. 12 (6), 61pp References Goh, A. S. (2007) Integrating Knowledge Sharing Implementation: Toward An Institutionalized Symbiotic Model. International Journal of AppliedKnowledge Management, Vol. 1 (1), p16-21 Ruppel, C. P., and Harrington, S. J. (2001) Sharing Knowledge through intranets: A study of organizational culture and intranet implementation, IEEE transactions on professional communication, Vol. 44 (1), p37-52 Thomson Reuters (2009) ABOUT US, www.thomsonreuters.com/about, (accessed10/10/2009) How to cite Free Reflection Essay, Essay examples

Peppercorn Dining Report Case Study with Free Assignment Samples

Question: Case Study on "Peppercorn Dining Report". Answer: Organizational Development Problem Facing Peppercorn Dining The main issue that Peppercorn Dining organization experienced was staffing. There was a problem in finding people who were qualified for the job. Even after the best personnel were recruited, there was a challenge of retaining them. The OD consultants main aim was finding a way to make Peppercorn a more pleasant place for employees to work in. Drew Randall, Peppercorn manager, clarified that his goals for Peppercorn were to improve the morale among all workers and increase productivity of the company (Carmin et al., 1990). Once the problem was clear for the consultants, they laid out a strategy on how to come up with a solution for the problem. First, they agreed to carry a preliminary evaluation of the unit and afterwards offer a feedback that would be used in achieving the goals. Effectiveness of Data Gathering by OD Consultants The consultations by the OD consultants about Peppercorn Dining helped the consultants to come up with the best methods of collecting data. The consultants did not have a lot of time in the seminar that they were attending but they allocated an ample period of three days to collect all the relevant data that they required. This ensured that collection of data was effective because they all knew what they required. The effectiveness of data collection was made more effective by division of labor, that is, Lynn concentrated on production areas when collecting data while Roger surveyed front-of-house operations and Erica concentrated on the management (Carmin et al., 1990). The methods that the consultants used for data collection, that is, interviews and observations, made the process more effective since they obtained first-hand information that was important for coming up with a practical solution. Usefulness of Data Content Collected The methods used in collection of data made it possible to collect the most useful content. Lynns and Rogers observations at operations and service units respectively enabled them to collect data of what the employees do and say in their respective units. Observation is better than other data collection methods such as questionnaires because the consultants can observe for themselves what really happens. This is one of the most accurate methods because every important information that is useful for the research is accounted for. Shaw, 2015 states that people do not always write their views on questionnaires or honestly speak to strangers what is really right during interviews. Some of the information that they conceal when such methods are the only ones used may be important in coming up with a good solution. Apart from the usefulness of observations, the interviews that the OD consultants conducted were also useful. It is through interviews that they were able to obtain more information about how the employees feel about their job positions. Interviews enabled the consultants determine some of the reasons why a worker would not retain his or her job for long. For instance, on the first day of the interview between Roger and the cashier, the cashier revealed that she hates that she has to stay at the entrance where she gets all the cold especially during winters. She also pointed out that during those periods she gets sick and for that reason, she if she got a secretarial job she would leave her current job position. Generally, the data that was collected using interviews and observation enabled the consultants to come up with practical solutions. Effectiveness of Data collection Process The three OD consultants instantly developed a well laid plan of how they would collect data for three days. The use of observations and interviews made the process of collecting data much effective. Using interviews, the consultants were able to interact with all the workers including the professional supervisor, workers in dish room, day chef, day cook, night chef, night cook, server, receiver, cashier. Coordinator, Human Resource manager, director, assistant director and the vending manager. Using interviews, the consultants were able to develop relationships with the workers making the interviews to flow smoothly and the interviews to openly share their feelings of their job positions. The consultants were also able to choose the suitable candidates in different periods thereby ensuring that they did not destruct workflow. For instance, Lynn knew when to leave Dough so that he may continue with his work (Carmin et al., 1990). Doody and Noonan (2013) argue that the most effective data collection processes are those that enable for the collection of primary information and information that is sufficient. In this case study, use of interviews and observations made the process to be much effective because the employees involved provided fresh, primary and new information that manager Drew did not have. In addition, the process used in data collection was time saving because the consultants observed a lot and interviewed as many employees as possible within a short span of time. The process used in collection of data was less costly as there were no resources used such as those required in other methods such as papers in questionnaires. Peppercorn Dining did not incur costs during the process. Models that can help analyze the Collected Data Most of the data collected from the employees at Peppercorn Dining by the three OD consultants using observation and interviews is qualitative data. In this case, a non-statistical analysis of the collected data would be the best model to use. This is because there was no numerical data collected. Analysis would therefore require use of meaning-based data analysis rather than statistical or quantitative data analysis. Observation of the workers indicated that most of them enjoyed the work that they did. However, interviews with some of them indicated aspects that lower their morale and productivity of Peppercorn Dinning. Dough, night chef, seemed to be uncomfortable speaking when his supervisor Larry was around. This may be as a result of poor relationship between workers. Rogers interview with a student indicated that in the past, Peppercorn used to have student managers, student supervisors and student workers as staff but most students now dislike working there as a result of poor relationship between the adults and students working there. The cashier was positioned at the entrance and nothing seemed to shield her from winter colds. This lowered her morale of being in her job position and made her think of other better options that she would go to once there was a chance. A non-statistical model that analysis each data as was collected would indicate the root of all the problems that Drew mentioned were affecting Peppercorn. Conclusions from the Analysis The analysis of data collected through observation and interviews indicates that the organization is highly centralized. According to Dai and De Meuse (2013), a centralized management structure is where decisions are made at higher consolidated levels by those individuals at a broader perspective, including information and knowledge of what requires to be done. Those decisions made at higher management levels are passed on to lower organizational tiers who are supposed to accept and go on with it. This is what supervisor Larry does. He does not listen to any staff but he expects everyone to do what he has decided. This form of management creates poor relationship between the higher management and the employees as is in the case of Peppercorn. Poor relationship among workers can be a great contributor to low morale in the workplace. However, this can be improved by ensuring that workers spend some time close together outside workplace to create a good relationship. This is what Larry and Dough as well as other workers require. Once the management issue, which is the largest issue here is dealt with, the other small issues would be sorted out easily since the employees would be able to open up and speak about the issues affecting them such as cashiers cold at the entrance. Feedback Design The most important thing for organizational development consultants after collecting and analyzing data is coming up with a solution that provides a strategy to eliminate the problem. The analysis of data collected by Erica, Lynn and Rogers indicated that the organizational structure at Peppercorn is highly centralized and this worsens the relationship between the management and the subordinate workers (Carmin et al., 1990). The three OD consultants should arrange for a meeting with the management in order to provide the feedback. In the meeting, the consultants should mention that friction between staff and management manifests itself in many ways including low productivity. Employees and managers have a multitude of options to help them work together in harmony and as a team. Some of the ways that the consultants should propose for the organization to use in order to create a team may include arranging for workshops, seminars, luncheons, retreats and other activities where the mana gement and subordinates interact outside workplace to create a good relationship among themselves. The employees should also be allowed to contribute to decision-making processes within Peppercorn. In the feedback design, the management should come up with a program that enables all members to participate in a common activity several times each year. References Carmin, J., Cormen, T., Kerr, Y. and University, C. (1990). Peppercorn Dining. Pp.476-498. Dai, G, De Meuse, K 2013, 'Types of Leaders Across the Organizational Hierarchy: A Person-Centered Approach', Human Performance, 26, 2, pp. 150-170, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 May 2016 Doody, O, Noonan, M 2013, 'Preparing and conducting interviews to collect data', Researcher, 20, 5, pp. 28-32, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 24 May 2016 Shaw, M. (2015). Standardized methods of data collection are required. BMJ, 310(6993), pp.1534-1535.

Letter by Lin Tse

Introduction The letter by Lin Tse- hsu of China to Queen Victoria of Britain was written just before the Opium wars. This book, together with the works of other people, helps us a lot in understanding what happened. Many scholars have given their views regarding a letter to Queen Victoria of Britain by Lin Tse- hsu (Waley, 1958).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Letter by Lin Tse- Hsu specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The argument degenerates from whether the war was purposeful to Britain. Others note that it was the unexpected impact of industrialization while others believe that resulted to a war of disgrace to Britain. It is generally acceptable to say that the oldest empire and the most aggressive plain of the ninetieth century went into war. The latter of course emerged victorious. The Author The text is a letter written by Lin Tse- Hsu. He was commonly referred to as Commissioner Li. He was the Ch inese commissioner to Canton, who was promised promotion as a governor if China emerged victorious. Other sources indicate that he was actually the governor of Hope and Hunan. This was during the reigns of Qing Emperor Tao Kuang of Manchu Empire of China. The author had just gained popularity, but in some way, the war that was later named the Opium war led to both his temporary rise and eventual down fall. Some sources even indicate that he wrote an article while on his way to exile expressing his frustrations, but again insisting that there was no alternative option to evade the war. The central Argument The letter points out issues that were of great consequence to the international system at the time. To begin with, the letter was diplomatic due to the level of diplomacy that the Chinese empire had exhibited then. During Tao Kuang’s reign, opium importation to China by British and Dutch Merchants had reached its apex. The larger tea trade between the political leaders of t hese countries occasioned this trend. It had created a class of addicts and had therefore become a social problem. This had spread widely such that other sources indicate the Qing lost his mind due to over dosage At this level, the matter takes national importance. The authorities therefore discussed the necessary courses of actions. The text even says that Qing considered it his duty to protect his subjects. The letter stated that the British undertook some actions that made it a criminal offence to smoke opium. Other sources indicate that Qing brought up the matter discussion. There are those who proposed that it had to be legalized.Advertising Looking for critical writing on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They argued that its sell had to be permitted, but had to be controlled. The usage had to be controlled and the empire had to obtain taxes. Those opposed to it stood on moral grounds that if allowed to circulate, t he empire would end up without a population (Ssuyu, Fairbank, 1954). Lin Tse-Hsu led this group. He further argued that the empire would have a weak army for there would be no people fit enough to serve in the discipline forces. His confidence and the death of his son convinced Qing to oppose legalization. He was then tasked with the responsibility of putting to an end what had become a national disaster. It actually does not make sense to criminalize smoking of opium in Britain but allow its people to trade in the same internationally. Britain forced the Chinese empire to legalize it after the war. Correlation The article relates to global industrialization and imperialism. Other sources indicate that the letter was send to the Queen through a British friend of Li. The British Empire was on the rise and very aggressive. Imperialism is the creation and maintenance of unequal economic power based on subordination. It is therefore easy to say the letter was delivered to the generals of the British army. The Britons also wanted to dominate economically. The military strength of the British could not be compared to that of the Chinese. Whereas the British had sophisticated artillery, the Chinese army was untrained, amorphous, and lacked clear command. The difference in technological innovation also played a role References Ssuyu T., Fairbank, J. (1954). Cambridge China’s response to the West, Harvard: Harvard University press. Waley, A. (1958). The Opium War through Chinese Eyes. Stanford: Stanford University Press. This critical writing on Letter by Lin Tse- Hsu was written and submitted by user East0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Musicmakesmehigh Essays - African-American Culture, Music, Hip Hop

Musicmakesmehigh Essays - African-American Culture, Music, Hip Hop Musicmakesmehigh Often times when people hear about Hip Hop/Rap music, theyfll paint a picture in their heads of black men cussing, guns, marijuana, lots of gold, and girls looking like prostitutes. Parents and teachers put an image in their kidfs head that Rap music is gbadh, and they donft want their kids to be influenced by something that is negative. With the way Rap music is advertised in the US, I would have to agree with that looking at it from an average parentfs point of view. But what people donft know is that Hip Hop isnft just a type of music, itfs a culture. Itfs a culture full of original elements, and itfs also a place where people can show others what theyfve got and who they are. Within this original society called Hip Hop, there are basically four main elements of MC, Break, Tag, and DJ. And each is represented by millions of people all over the globe. When the four come together, it makes Hip Hop music, and people live the music instead of listening to it. MC-ing is what people know as rapping. The main point of an MC is to make your crowd enjoy your music, and to send a message out to them. Unlike most of the lyrics out on the market today, Hip Hop contains meaning and it sends a message to the listeners. Although those messages might have bad words,and show images of things that are socially wrong, thatfs actually whatfs going on where they are from, and thatfs who they are. Their music represents their area and their people, and itfs no different from a farmer singing about his cows and chickens in Idaho. Besides, gGangster Raph isn ft the only type of Hip Hop music, itfs actually only a small sect of it all. Many rappers put out lyrics about what they believe in, their own philosophies, entertaining others, and although it may seem unlikely, many lyricists seem like Einstein to me. Just like all of the other geniuses like Newton, Galileo, and musically Jimi, there are MCs that are geniuses too. What makes those guys remarkable compared to others are their strength and choice of words, and their flow, or the melody, of their rhymes. I personally canft relate to the ghetto, guns, and all of that ggangsterh stuff, so I donft listen to that genre all that much, but there are many elements people can pick up from the Hip Hop music. There is a whole Japanese Hip Hop scene that is growing bigger and bigger, and thatfs what I personally live. The next element is Breaking. Breaking is a term used for dancing, and most people know it as Break Dancing. Although Breaking has become a small part of the whole dance scene in Hip Hop today, itfs the first form of Hip Hop dances. People spin on their heads, do handstands, slide with just their hands on the ground, spin on the floor with their legs spread out, and all kinds of astonishing moves. This is probably the most popular form of Hip Hop in Japan today because its so easy to begin and watch. DJs have one simple task: make people dance. Or thatfs what it used to be. Before, their main goal was to have the knowledge of the music so they can make people dance according to the mood and time. Also scratching records were their performance. Now, DJs have lots more jobs and probably the toughest element of all. Most DJs team up with MCs so they can act as the rhythm section of the Hip Hop performance, and to do that and be original,they must create sounds of their own. They basically make the beats and the MCs lay the words on it. The steps to be able to make beats and tracks takes lots of time, money, and mind, so most DJs donft/canft take a step further into the scene. Today, more and more artists are creating their own tracks, for the money, and they tend to realize that they canft be rapping at age 40 while its perfectly normal for a 40 year old to be playing the guitar. It fs not wrong to say that DJs are the backbones

Binomials in English - Definition and Examples

Binomials in English s Definition In language studies, a pair of words (for example, loud and clear) conventionally linked by a conjunction (usually and) or a preposition. Also called a binomial pair. When the word order is fixed, the binomial is said to be irreversible. (See Examples and Observations below.) A similar construction involving three nouns or adjectives (bell, book, and candle; calm, cool, and collected) is called a trinomial. Also, see: ChunkCollocationDoubletsIdiomReduplicative Etymology From the Latin, two names Examples and Observations Examples of binomials in English include aches and pains, all or nothing, back and forth, beck and call, bigger and better, bit by bit, black and blue, black and white, blood and guts, bread and butter, bubble and squeak, cease and desist, checks and balances, cloak and dagger, cops and robbers, corned beef and cabbage, cut and dried, dead or alive, death and destruction, dollar for dollar, dos and donts, fair and square, fast and loose, fire and brimstone, fish and chips, flesh and bones, goods and services, ham and eggs, hand to mouth, hands and knees, heads or tails, hearts and flowers, hem and haw, high and dry, high and low, high and mighty, huff and puff, hugs and kisses, kiss and make up, knife and fork, leaps and bounds, life and death, little by little, long and short, lost and found, loud and clear, make or break, milk and honey, needle and thread, nickel and dime, nip and tuck, now or never, null and void, nuts and bolts, old and gray, one to one, open and shut, part and p arcel, peace and quiet, pins and needles, pots and pans, rags to riches, rise and fall, rise and shine, rough and ready, safe and sound, saints and sinners, short but sweet, show and tell, side by side, slip and slide, soap and water, song and dance, sooner or later, spic and span, sticks and stones, strange but true, sugar and spice, thick and thin, time after time, tit for tat, tooth and nail, toss and turn, ups and downs, wash and wear, and win or lose. Reversible and Irreversible Binomials In the typical newspaper headline Cold and snow grip the nation it is proper to set off the segment cold and snow as a binomial, if one agrees so to label the sequence of two words pertaining to the same form-class, placed on an identical level of syntactic hierarchy, and ordinarily connected by some kind of lexical link. There is nothing unchangeable or formulaic about this particular binomial: Speakers are at liberty to invert the succession of its members (snow and cold . . .) and may with impunity replace either snow or cold by some semantically related word (say, wind or ice). However, in a binomial such as odds and ends the situation is different: The succession of its constituents has hardened to such an extent that an inversion of the two kernels*ends and oddswould be barely understandable to listeners caught by surprise. Odds and ends, then, represents the special case of an irreversible binomial.(Yakov Malkiel, Studies in Irreversible Binomials. Essays on Linguistic Themes. University of California Press, 1968) Synonymous and Echoic Binomials The third most frequent binomial in the DoD [Department of Defense] corpus is friends and allies, with 67 instances. Unlike the majority of binomials, it is reversible: allies and friends also occurs, with 47 occurrences.Both allies and friends refer to countries which accord with US policies; as such, the two coordinates of the binomial may incline us to categorize the binomial as synonymous (Gustafsson, 1975). Rhetorically speaking, friends and allies may have an intensifying function, similar to echoic binomials (where WORD1 is identical to WORD2), such as more and more and stronger and stronger.(Andrea Mayr, Language and Power: An Introduction to Institutional Discourse. Continuum, 2008)

Management and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management and Leadership - Essay Example Most organizations would only hire those individuals suitable for a particular position and the one they are mostly suited. Further, workers must be trained in their respective positions to ensure that there is improved productivity as well as personal career development. The training would be on how to perform the job and the best standards to be applied (Koestenbaun, 2002). Early Approach to Classical Administration The scientific approach to management focuses on the overall productivity of employees. However, classical administration approach to administration places much importance on the total organization. The most important aspect is on the development of good management practices rather than the development of work methods. In any organization, for effective management, there has to be effective flow of information from the top managers to the subordinates. Effective communication reduces the amount of time spent in unproductive duties. Communicating effectively ensures that employees are able to spend most of their time doing constructive and beneficial duties to the organization. Further, effective communication fosters unity between the management and the employees. This can eliminate problems of industrial actions that result due to lack of understanding between the management and the employees. In classical administration, most companies were managed on a personal family like basis. The employees in the organization were expected to be submissive to their managers rather than to the organization (Lussier & Achua, 2009). Tesco Management Model Tesco management model states that employees must be given a chance to meet their full potential. In carrying out their duties, they should not be discriminated against due to age, gender, disability, ethnicity or sexual operation. Due to these factors, Tesco has been able to rise from a small retail supermarket to the world’s fourth largest retail market. Good leaders and managers must ensure that the ir employees are given a chance to contribute to the wellbeing of the organization. This can only be achieved through effective communication. The diversity approach to management at Tesco ensures that all levels of the society are represented in the organization. Tesco aims at employing local people as well as developing them to become effective leaders in the development of the business. Further, Tesco does not discriminate on the basis of ethnic origin. Understanding among various ethnic groups is the basic priority of Tesco. This ensures that corporation among employees is ensures. Lloyds TSB's Management Model Lloyds TSB is major banking and insurance group in the UK with several other branches in more than 30 countries across the world. Their main aim is to be the best bank in the world. Measures of performance at Lloyds TSB are geared towards the faster completion of task completion. This is the best example of accompany that employs bureaucratic form of governance. Measureme nt of performance is not towards goal accomplishments but task completion, and the process revolved around the bureaucratic process of form filling. Most employees are required to sign up to some common agreed upon goals (Lloyds TSB,2012). The first goal is finance. Employees at the organization are expected to maximize income and optimize cost so as to bring about increased revenues. Secondly, employees must be able to maximize the number of new customers, products and services which are sold in the organizat

Decision-Making Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Decision-Making - Case Study Example Therefore, it can safely be said that it is not the acquiring of the knowledge itself, but the methods of choosing the relevant information and implementing it is a much more daunting task for the leaders and the management of an organization. In the year 2009, the American government announced a fiscal budget cut in the funds that it allotted to the Medicaid services. The Medicaid is an entity which is operating in all the states of the country under different names and which provides healthcare services to the eligible American citizens, most of whom are in the lower income bracket. A 15 % budget cut in this regard has brought the Medicaid departments all across the USA to a as to how they should operate on the fewer resources and which services and programs should be continued and which would have to be discontinued. Barondess (2007), notes that many of the long term facilities that Medicaid provides are already struggling to provide quality care to patients while juggling multiple problems such as a shortage of trained workforce, and a budget cut would only increase these problems and would almost surely eliminate funding for a number of programs that Medicaid runs, and the elderly will be the ones who get effected by it the worst. In such circumstances, as mentioned before, rises the issue of the importance of making an informed decision as the consequences of the choices made have a direct influence on the health standards of a large number of people. For this purpose, and to aid health services to make a well informed policy restructuring decision, the authors Rundall et al. have presented the concept of the Informed Decision Toolbox which â€Å"facilitates the use of research evidence in decision making†. the Informed Decision Toolbox is a set of standardized tools that instruct policy makers at health organizations on how they can find, access and adapt

Role for bioremediation Essay Example for Free

Role for bioremediation Essay Chapter 1 Which one of the following is not a role for bioremediation? Curing infectious diseases All of the following are examples of new emerging infectious diseases except Chickenpox Normal microbiota: Beneficial microbial inhabitants of the body Golden Age of Microbiology: Rapid discovery of basic microbiology principles Re-emerging diseases: Once controlled by preventative public health measures they are now on the rise Prions: Resistant to the usual sterilization procedures for pathogens Spontaneous generation: The converse of biogenesis Acellular infectious agent: Chemical composition includes RNA or DNA In the scientific name Bacillus anthracis, the term Bacillus is the genus name include the agents responsible for stomach ulcers and plague: Bacteria are prokaryotes: Bacteria impart distinctive flavors in foods such as yogurt and cheese: Bacteria are obligate intracellular parasites: Viruses have a protein coat that surrounds the genetic information: Viruses include molds and yeasts: Fungi contain the protozoa and algae: Protists derive their energy from degrading organic materials: Fungi are the most metabolically diverse group: Bacteria Which one of the following sequences exhibits increasing size? Viruses to bacteria to protozoa Which one of the following would be consistent with the idea of spontaneous generation? Sick people give rise to microorganisms in their body Chapter 3 The gram stain technique is valuable in distinguishing: different types of bacteria One of the below is wrong permit eukaryotic motility: Flagella are involved in group translocation: Chromosomes Contain components of the electron transport chain for ATP generation: Plasma Membranes may have peritrichous or polar arrangements: Flagella are linear rods contained within a nucleus: Chromosomes replication is followed by binary fission: Chromosomes are closed circular single molecues: Chromosomes are used for chemotaxis: Flagella involved with signal sequences in secretion: Plasma Membranes Nucleoid: Stores essential genetic information Glycocalyx: Prevents phagocytosis; attachment Plasmid: Contains a few genes; not essential for cell -Metachromatic granules: Site of nutrient accumulation in cell Fimbriae: Short straight hair-like fibers -Gram (-) cell wall: Rigid outer boundary A bacterial arrangement called a sarcina has which of the following morphological shapes? Spheres in packets of eight All of the following characteristics apply to the prokaryotes except they reproduce by mitosis Chapter 4 A differential medium is one that  distinguishes colonies of one type of bacterium from those of another type Which of the following conditions are most likely to affect the growth of bacteria? temperature, oxygen, and pH At what point in the bacterial growth curve are bacteria the most vulnerable to antibiotics log phase Which of the following methods of measuring population growth is a direct count standard plate count using a dilution series Faculative bacteria are those that  grow in the presence of absence of oxygen Most of the human pathogens are: mesophiles  10. 0001 out of 11 points Mesophiles: this group has most of the the pathogens as they grow at body temperature Halophile: would grow on selective media containing relatively high levels of salt Alkaphile: they can tolerate a pH above 8.5 Psychrotroph: can be found growing in the human stomach Anaerobe: they do not or cannot use oxygen Hyperthermophile: these have been found in seawater from hot water volcanic vents Microaerophile: they survive in environments where O2 concentration is relatively low but are inhibited by high O2 levels Obligate aerobe: this group requires oxygen for metabolism, just like humans Acidophile: can be found growing in the human stomach Facultative Anaerobe: they grow best in the presence of oxygen but can grow in the absence of oxygen Barophile: they are able to live at the bottom of the ocean -The interval of time between successive binary fissions of a cell or population of cells is known as the: generation time -Psychrophiles and thermophiles differ with respect to their best temperature for growth A soil sample is added to a culture medium that has been designed to promote the growth of the genus Pseudomonas while inhibiting the growth of fungi. This test uses a: selective medium Chapter 5 Low temperature is:  bacteriostatic Heavy metals generally kill microorganisms by  reacting with protein sulfhydryl groups to disrupt function Chlorhexidine is a biguanide used to  wash hands and clean wounds superficially The chemical counterpart of the autoclave uses  ethylene oxide with an inert gas HEPA filters are used to filter which one of the following? Air Ultraviolet light is valuable for reducing the microbial population in the air of a hospital room Of the following, the most efficient method for sterilization of a bacteriological transfer loop is the direct flame Triclosan destroys bacteria by  disrupting cell membranes Which one of the following elements would be classified as a halogen Chlorine Moist heat kills microorganisms by  denaturation A substance that has been pasteurized  is not considered sterile 5 out of 8 points Autoclave: Vegetative microorganisms, and endospores Direct Flame: Vegetative microorganisms, and endospores Boiling water for 10 minutes: Vegetative microorganisms, not endospores Hot air oven for 2 hours at 160 degrees Celcius: Vegetative microorganisms, and endospores Pasteurization: Pathogenic microorganisms, not endospores Gamma radiation: Vegetative microorganisms, not endospores Filtration: Pathogenic microorganisms, not endospores Ultra-high-temperature (UHT) processing: Vegetative microorganisms, not endospores When food has been salted  water diffuses out of microorganisms causing them to shrivel Chapter 6 The Krebs cycle accounts for all the following except  production of pyruvate from glucose Heat is useful in the destruction of bacteria because heat denatures enzymes by altering their tertiary structures 10.99956 out of 13 points yields pyruvate for use in the TCA cycle: Glycolysis requires cytochromes for electron transport: Oxidative phosphorylation requires electrons eventually be passed to NADPH: Photosynthesis Requires energy from light to take place: Photosynthesis ends with acceptance of electrons by oxygen atoms: Oxidative phosphorylation starts with the oxidation of NADH: TCA Cycle requires an investment of 2 ATPs: Glycolysis uses chlorophyll as the pigment in the cyanobacteria: Photosynthesis results in the formation of water: Photosynthesis is essentially the opposite of aerobic respiration: Photosynthesis begins with a glucose molecule: Glycolysis results in the net gain of 2 ATPs: Glycolysis generates two carbon dioxide molecules per turn: TCA Cycle Which one of the following does not involve a phosphorylation reaction? The hydrolysis of ATP Which of the following states is the most correct for enzyme reactions Enzymes are specific for only one reaction, generally in one direction All of the following apply to the process of anabolism except the process is exergonic You are studying an obligate anaerobe. Which one of the following pathways can you be assured is occurring? Glycolysis A bacterium that uses glucose as an energy source has been isolated from an anaerobic environment. After the growth of the bacterium, the pH of the growth medium is measured and found to be very acidic. When analyzed, the medium is found to have a high concentration of lactic acid. This bacterium is most likely metabolizing by a process known as fermentation

Vitamins Facts :: essays research papers

VITAMINS Vitamins, a group of organic substances required in our diets in small amounts for growth and nutrition, are usually found in foodstuffs or taken as supplements. Yet vitamins probably present a wider gap between myth and reality in the layman's understanding than almost any other area of our diet. Surveys have found that while a majority of Americans do take vitamin supplements on a regular or occasional basis for reason of health concerns, there exists enormous confusion about the actual purpose and benefits of this practice ("Use of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements in the United States," 1990:161). Most people have a recognition that Vitamin C prevents scurvy, that Vitamin A is found in fish-liver oils, or that Vitamin D is found in dairy products; many people believe that Vitamin E preserves youth and prevents sterility, or that Vitamin C can present colds and cancer. Beyond this, however, there is still considerable ignorance and widespread myth. The reality behind the common practice of taking vitamin supplements is less dramatic, although vitamins do represent an important component of the necessary human diet. The word vitamin was formed from the Latin word for life, "vita," and the Greek word "amine", because 19th century scientists believed that they were formed only from amino acids. Amino acids are the twenty essential code elements which arrange themselves in varied sequences or chains to form complex proteins, the basic foodstuff of life. These organic acids (containing the essential ingredient NH2), in conjunction with the nucleic acids (DNA material being composed of the four bases adenine, guanine thymine and cytosine), "translate" the genetic instructions from the DNA of the chromosome to the RNA transcript, and in turn transfer these instructions from the transcript to proteins. If proteins are the building blocks of life, then amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Plant cells form amino acids from the compounds which the plant draws up from the ground, such as the nitrates and ammonia salts. Animals, however, cannot perform this conversion of simple inorganic substances to amino acids, so they must ingest them in the form of food-- with herbivorous animals consuming plant proteins in vegetables and carnivorous animals consuming animal proteins in the bodies of their prey. Vitamins are essential aids in many body processes, converting food the energy, building and maintaining cells, and other functions. Vitamins can thus be looked at as a crucial ingredient in a the long-term maintenance of health.

Critical path method, Knowledge, Management Essay

The traditional project cycle MacAthur’s project sequence model The participatory project management cycle Then discuss which one of them is best suited to ensure that learning takes place and that project planning improved. According to Cusworth and Franks (1993:3) a project is the investment of capital in a time bound intervention to create productive assets. Capital will be referring to both human resources and physical resources and the productive refers to the outputs or end results of the project. A project can refer to vast array of development initiatives, ranging those designed to enhance through project intended to establish new organizational forms and sets of procedures ,for instance for delivering health care more efficiently ,to project takes place over a particular time (time-bound ),it is intended to achieve a specific objective or set of objectives .There is two broad approaches to project planning namely directive (linear) interactive learning process The traditional project cycle is the directive project cycle ,and is sometimes called the blueprint planning. Detailed plans are drawn up in advance and implementation occurs in a linear ,sequential fashion .Project decisions taken during design and implementation are relatively pure and can be made into terms of a few controllable variables ,usually of a quantitative nature. The traditional project cycle is based on that assumption and does not easily accommodate any deviations. Deviations such as scope change request can cause major upheavals in the project schedule. The project planning and management is viewed as a cyclic process. The advantage of this model is that it provides for a number of phases designed in such a way as to link the formulation of basic policy guidelines to specific projects and programmes . The project cycle is the framework used by the world bank to design ,prepare ,implement and supervise projects.In practice ,the Word bank and the borrowing country work closely through out the project cycle although they have different roles and responsibilities .Generally the d uration of the project cycle is long by commercial standards. MacAthur’s  project sequence model also as interactive learning process. MacAthur sees his project sequence as an improvement on the typical cyclic model since it shows that this is genuine attempt to reflect reality ,not not just a simplified academic model. MacAthur’s project sequence model is characteristics of projects ,namely that it normally requires considerable funding (investment ). This financial commitment is important ,and may come from within a country. The sequence cycle emphasis is on the individual project and not on the general process. Project sequence model on the role of the local is assumed and one of the project goals is to discover what to do in the environment .New learning is seen as essential to success , meaning is developed within the local context not imposed from outside .Objectives and strategies emerge from on-site investigation . Resources ,activities and timetables are adjusted as experience is gained . Design decisions are experimental and dynamic . Modification occurs as learning takes place . Participatory project management cycle is used to work in a result-oriented and participatory way. With this approach the life span of projects or programmes is divided into various phases which together form the project cycle analysis , planning ,implementation ,monitoring ,evaluation and adjustment. Some organizations want to integrate project cycle management into their activities to meet external (donor) requirements. Others are looking for a new way of getting intended beneficiaries partners and their own personnel more involve in project management through participating and increased ownership. Project participatory management (PPM) is constantly involving . in collaboration with its clients .development in the use of project participatory management project contributes to its innovation . The knowledge acquired during this process is made to other interested parties . MacArthur’s project sequence cycle is best suited to ensure learning place and that project planning is improved .Interactive planning is based on the premise of uncertainty ,the likely hood that conditions ,problems and solutions are not completely known to the outset knowledge must be obtained as the project proceeds and appropriate modifications made on the basis of this learning ,planning project decisions are often impure and made in terms of shifting and often qualitative factors , by doing so it will give room to learning from the past projects and it will improve the project.

A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner: Major Themes Essay

â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short story written by William Faulkner and initially published in 1930. This is a story of an eccentric spinster, Emily Grierson, and her life. The strange circumstances alongside with odd family relationships with Emily’s father and lover are being uncovered throughout the story. Emily was manipulated and strongly controlled by her father and now, in the upstairs, she hides the corpse of Barron, her lover, which explains the gossips of the townspeople of Jefferson. The story is distinctive for the first person plural point of view; whereas non chronological description of the events further complicated the matter. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† has a lot of themes – the extreme psychosis of the heroine, the role of women in the South and their relationships with society, and, most importantly, the society of South overall. Due to complexity of the work and a lot of secondary themes present in the work, we will focus on the image and role of society in the story. Even though Faulkner does suggest a psychological cause of Emily’s sickness, a number of factors remain unexplained if one chooses to concentrate of psychological factors rather that of society. Firstly, this is plural narrator; secondly, the complicity of the town in the murder of Barron; thirdly, the awareness of the townspeople of the room that is locked in the house; finally, the title of the short story itself (Hamblin and Abadie, 2000). At the same time, the final macabre scene taking place in the bedroom tomb, which reveals Emily’s necrophilia, also suggests necrophilia of the entire society. Society lives in the dead, but still unburied past. Emily essentially becomes the sickness of the town inherited from the past, which is fostered upon the town by Sartois, who ordered the freed female slaves to appear in the streets and in such way symbolize submission to the whites: â€Å"Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town,† (Thomas and Corbett, 1970, p. 9). The new generation does puts effort in shrugging off the burden, but it cannot, as Emily is part of the society and Emily’s pride is the pride of townspeople: â€Å"a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument,† (Thomas and Corbett, 1970, p. 9). Obviously, plural narrator sympathizes with Emily. The Grierson house is, in turn, the symbol of the past: as Emily is trying to retain what belongs to her at any cost and regardless whether it is dead or alive, the society – South follows the same pattern. Chronological order of the story is also destroyed by Faulkner – in order to extend the significance of the events that are taking place and at the same time reveal the human tendency to tie oneself to the past. In the story, the major heroes are being manifested in such a manner in order to become the symbols of the society without losing own individuality. The whole story is being composed of the controversies– love and hate, respect following contempt. The final paradox adds up to the complex image created throughout the story – on one hand, a rose is being offered to a woman with indomitable spirit who clung to the vision of dissolution; on the other hand – there is the omnipresent society with aging culture and corrupt materialism, society that gradually becomes impotent (Hamblin and Abadie, 2000). The analogy between Emily and the Old South is omnipresent in the story. Emily’s acceptance of the patriotic image and even family connections point out that Emily is the symbol of the old tradition. Author’s attitude towards Emily and culture is dualistic – society cannot live with the main heroine, as townspeople instantly spread gossips; and yet townspeople cannot live without Emily – the main heroine embodies the values of the South. Society in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is highly patriarchic and contributes to isolation (Curry, 1994). Once all beloved men left Emily, either by death of simply by leaving, Emily did not allow anyone to get close to her. Being unable to accept the reality – that people whom she loved were gone – Emily was isolated in the house. Emily is a perfect example of a women living up to, sometimes indirectly fighting with the patriarchal society. Interestingly, in the first paragraph of the story, Faulkner aligns the community; the second paragraph discusses the house from outside; the third paragraph then allows readers into the discussion of Emily’s past. Even though Emily did try to challenge the principles by going against of what is considered to be normal, she still went back to the past – preferring past but beautiful reality to what is going on now in her life. Emily, being the embodiment of the South, is a very strong woman. Despite her sticking up to the past events in attempt to find happiness, Emily had the whole town absolutely convinced that she could not hurt a fly. At the same time, Emily was capable of a murder. The image of society in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is created through the main heroine of the story – Emily, who is trying to live in contemporary society still sticking up the past. Values of the South are highly patriarchal; materialism is dead and death still does not allow letting in the future. Society of South is portrayed is being highly patriarchal, isolated, and degrading. Works Cited Curry, Renee R. â€Å"Gender and Authorial Limitation in Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† The Mississippi Quarterly 47.3 (1994): 391. Hamblin, Robert W., and Ann J. Abadie, eds. Faulkner in the Twenty-First Century: Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha, 2000. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2003. Inge, M. Thomas, and Edward P. J. Corbett, eds. A Rose for Emily. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1970.

Current World Population and Future Projections

Current World Population and Future Projections The world population has grown tremendously over the past 2,000 years. In 1999, the world population passed the six-billion mark. By March of 2018, the official world population had jumped over the seven-billion mark to an estimated  7.46 billion. World Population Growth Humans had been around for tens of thousands of years by the year 1 A.D. when the Earths population was an estimated 200 million. It hit the billion mark in 1804 and doubled by 1927. It doubled again in less than 50 years to four  billion in 1975. Year Population 1 200 million 1000 275 million 1500 450 million 1650 500 million 1750 700 million 1804 1 billion 1850 1.2 billion 1900 1.6 billion 1927 2 billion 1950 2.55 billion 1955 2.8 billion 1960 3 billion 1965 3.3 billion 1970 3.7 billion 1975 4 billion 1980 4.5 billion 1985 4.85 billion 1990 5.3 billion 1995 5.7 billion 1999 6 billion 2006 6.5 billion 2009 6.8 billion 2011 7 billion 2025 8 billion 2043 9 billion 2083 10 billion Concerns for an Increasing Number of People While the Earth can only support a limited number of people, the issue is not so much about space as it is a matter of resources like food and water. According to author and population expert  David Satterthwaite, the concern is about the number of consumers and the scale and nature of their consumption. Thus, the human population can generally meet its basic needs as it grows, but not at the scale of consumption that some lifestyles and cultures currently support. While data is collected on population growth, it is difficult for even sustainability professionals to understand what will happen on a global scale when the worlds population reaches 10 or 15 billion people. Overpopulation is not the biggest concern, as enough land exists. The focus would primarily be on making use of uninhabited or underpopulated land. Regardless, birth rates have been falling around the world, which may slow down population growth in the future.  As of 2017, the total fertility rate for the world was 2.5, down from 2.8 in 2002 and 5.0 in 1965, but still at a rate that allows population growth. Growth Rates Highest in Poorest Countries According to World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, most of the worlds population growth is in poor countries. The 47 least developed countries are expected to see their collective population nearly double from 2017s one billion to 1.9 billion by 2050. Thats thanks to a fertility rate of 4.3 per woman. Some countries continue to see their populations explode, such as Niger with a 2017 fertility rate of 6.49, Angola at 6.16, and Mali at 6.01. In contrast, the fertility rate in many developed countries was below replacement value (more loss of people than those born to replace them). As of 2017, the fertility rate in the United States was 1.87. Others include Singapore at 0.83, Macau at 0.95,  Lithuania at 1.59, the Czech Republic at 1.45, Japan at 1.41, and Canada at 1.6. According to the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the worlds population has been rising at a rate of roughly 83 million people  every year, and the trend is expected to continue, even though fertility rates have been dropping in almost all regions of the world. Thats because the worlds overall fertility rate still exceeds the rate of zero population growth. The population-neutral fertility rate is estimated at 2.1 births per woman.

Invasive Species Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Invasive Species - Research Paper Example The Asian Tiger Mosquito The Asian tiger mosquito is one of the most highly invasive species from Southeast Asia that has found its way to the Americas, Europe, Africa and the Pacific. The main difference between this species from the other mosquitoes is that it serves as a vector of several species of virus and it does so through its unique genetic make-up as well as its excellent adaptation to the new environment. A discussion of the nature of the Asian tiger mosquito is essential in fostering awareness of a species that has a potential to be one of the most dangerous vectors of viral diseases in this planet. Awareness of a particular dangerous species brings with it the responsibility to help prevent its spread and cooperation with authorities in mitigating its harm. Findings The Asian tiger mosquito, or Aedes albopictus, is known as a vector of several emerging diseases that were once native to Southeast Asia, where the said mosquito originated, and its niche is a parasite. It is mainly an invasive species anywhere in the world except in Southeast Asia, where it is native and original (Roiz et al., 2011). The transportation of eggs mainly through used tires and Lucky Bamboo plants was the only way this insect could have spread to America, the Indo-Pacific regions, Europe and Africa. Since the first record of its presence in Italy in Genoa in 1990 during the late summer, the mosquito is believed to have spread to the rest of Italy and Europe (Roiz et al., 2011). The first discovery of the species in Europe was as early as 1979 in Albania but the country hardest hit by the invasion was Italy with around 200 cases alone in the summer of 2007. In the United States, the discovery of the mosquito was a few years later in Memphis, Tennessee in 1983 and in the next 25 years, 36 U.S. states have been invaded including several countries in Central and South America with Brazil experiencing its first Asian tiger mosquito bite in 1986. The Asian tiger mosquito is an ag gressive daytime biter and is called â€Å"tiger† because of its bright white stripes. As a native of Southeast Asia, it used to be a dominant insect in the natural reservoirs including tree holes, vases, pots, buckets and vegetation. Moreover, the millions of tires shipped each year between Japan and Germany and the United States because of the use of recaps and the strict rules governing wear and tear of these tires may actually contain water that could hold Asian tiger mosquito larvae and more importantly eggs that are drought-resistant and can survive a comfortable, sheltered journey until they reach their destination (Enserink, 2008). One change that the Asian tiger mosquito has brought to the native and invaded ecosystems was disease. The Asian tiger mosquito is responsible for dengue and chikungunya fever. The chikungunya virus was believed to have undergone a single-nucleotide genetic mutation in the Indian mutation outbreak order for it to be able to use the Asian ti ger mosquito as a vector (Enserink, 2008). However, although the species is less invasive than the Aedes aegypti in spreading dengue, the Asian tiger mosquito is becoming increasingly important because its global distribution is rapidly changing. Other outbreaks of diseases caused by the Asian tiger mosquito include the dengue outbreaks in Hawaii from 2001 to 2002, in China in 2004, in Madagascar in 2006, and in Gabon

Management Strategy Perspectives and Paradoxes Essay

Management Strategy Perspectives and Paradoxes - Essay Example In such environ, it is important for an organisation to find a 'differential aspect' of its product or service in order to survive the market competencies, otherwise the organisation will be driven out of the business ruthlessly. "Having a competitive advantage is like having a gun in knife fight". The paper explores this statement and illustrates the key factors through which a firm can attain this competitive gun while all the competitors remain fighting with their competitive knives. It goes for a gross understanding of the term 'competitive advantage', realising how it can be interpreted as 'a gun in the knife fight', plus analysing and examining a bunch of important issues underlying this concept. The focus of this paper remains to be the factors that need to be addressed by an organisation in its quest to dig out a competitive advantage to create and maintain its position in the market that is unbeatable for its competitors in a specific point in time. There happen to be several areas where a firm can manage to obtain a competitive advantage against its competitors. These areas are discussed in this paper with the help of the literature available on the given subject. "Having a competitive advantage is like having a gun in a knife fight". Consider a fight in which everybody has got a knife as weapon and using it in all ways to win the battle. During this fight, one of the fighters manages to acquire a gun. A gun in a knife fight implies having a weapon or an advantage through which any battle or competition could be won in way that nobody else could be able to claim victory for a long time. In the context of businesses, this statement entails having a competitive advantage or that aspect of an organisation, which can be utilised to fight the battle of competition and gain a superior weapon over other competitors. An exploration of this statement first of all lies in a profound understanding of the term competitive advantage and the necessary issues associated with it. The statement will be explored further in the paper after an illustration of what actually is meant by the term 'competitive advantage'. A competitive advantage is simply an aspect of the organisation that it possesses or offers to the customers. In order for an organisational aspect to constitute as a 'competitive advantage', it has to be unique in the market not adopted by any other current or potential firm in the market. This phenomenon can also be understood in the words of Barney (1991, p102) as, "a firm is said to have competitive advantage when it is implementing a value creating strategy not simultaneously being implemented by any current or potential competitors". This value strategy can be in any form, as long as it is providing benefit to the customers and the organisation directly or indirectly. For instance, if a firm manages to produce its products at a lower cost than all other firms in the market, it is a direct benefit to the customer in the form of reduced prices and an indirect benefit to the organisation in the shape of enhanced sales. This can only become possible when the firm has identified uni que ways to lower the product costs, either unknown or inapplicable to other firms. Porter (1985, p3) illustrates the conception of competitive advantage as the ability of a firm to create value for its customers in a way that proposes more benefit

Ownership Program of Wal-Mart Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ownership Program of Wal-Mart - Case Study Example As we know that labor unions heavily criticize Wal-Mart for avoiding unionization. What happens is that the company uses a 'union prevention program' i.e. meetings are held in stores where the managers or supervisors explain the consequences of unionization to the employees. Therefore due to this program, the employees in the North American stores are not unionized. As a result, a great deal of Wal-Mart unions has joined together to form a coalition called 'Wal-Mart Watch'. This group was formed so that the unions can put pressure on the company. The ultimate goal of this group is to unionize the employees of Mart-Wart and this coalition has targeted all the company's practices for its employees. This group has its own website called walmartwatch.com where it encourages the employees to file their complaints in a legal manner against the laws or regulations the company's management has violated against them. The solution to the given problems that are being faced Wal-Mart would be that if the company allows unionization then it would be able to stop the heavy criticism against the company and the company's reputation will not be damaged more. The company needs to implement unionization because today's union can be defined as the institution of the employees or workers of the company who have come together to achieve a common goal or an objective because they are considered to be open systems which are affected by their working environment and by political organizations. (Carrell & Heavrin, 2006) It's been believed that when the companies grow, the employees lose direct contact with the management of the company and therefore unions are created to help the worker's influence workplace decisions. It is through the unions that the workers were able to gain control over their jobs and the work environment of the company. It has also been recognized that the unions must address larger social issues of politics and economics to serve the best interests of their members. The labor unions of the 21st century are dealing with old issues but in new forms. For example, whose interest the unions are working for, this can be answered or described in 4 ways. And they are 1) qualified elite, 2) the core workforce, 3) peripheral employees and 4) workers who are unemployed. (Werther & Davis, 1996) Â  

Public Law Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public Law Human Rights - Essay Example (Legal Briefing) The Act has sufficient clauses to assist those enmeshed in legal complications with the fourth estate. Its provisions hold out the olive branch to hapless victims of snoopy, uncouth journalists, and those taken into custody for serious offences such as acts of terrorism. It is a step in the right direction for fairer trial and accurate justice. The courts are empowered to impose corrective, punitive or deterrent measures, although in the context of law relating to civil liberties in the United Kingdom, sometimes the sentences delivered by the honorable judges are found either too lenient with rogue elements or unduly harsh on law abiding plaintiffs. The media in UK has lobbied hard to dilute the provisions of the Human Rights Act 1998 in its original form, and continue to do so to this day. The reasons are obvious. The HRA is permanent hindrance to their right to free expression. This Act has come as breath of fresh air especially to celebrities and powerful individuals caught in the glare of an uncompromising media. (Privacy And The Press) The Human Rights Act 1998 came into force in the UK on 2nd October 2000. ... The Act makes public authorities in the UK more accountable in their dealing with citizens who can access any British court and seek redressal for infringement of rights enshrined in the Act. Evolving from the Council of Europe, a conglomerate of different European nations formed in 1949 as an aftermath to World War II, and the European Common market formed in 1957, this Act is the creation of the present day European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms to which UK is a signatory from among 41 European nations. (Protecting and promoting your rights) Reactions to this Act have been mixed in a continent accustomed to extreme emotions of ecstasies, turmoil, triumphs, blas and even stony nonchalance since the renaissance. Nevertheless, it has drawn the attention specifically two groups of the people in UK. One of them are those desperate for help from any quarter having exhausted all legal means for justice, and secondly, they are all those keen to get away from the piercing gaze the indicting Act, especially the media. The Act applies specifically to public authorities responsible for the general welfare of the populace. Never before in the history of the British administration was the common man more empowered to confidently take on the government for judicial lapses. It is important to bear in mind the two important factors of judicial interpretations or misinterpretations and recalcitrant occurrences such as terrorism in the present scenario which make issues for the Act more complex and difficult. Under the threat of terrorism, it is but natural for majority of the people to willingly sacrifice some civil liberties for safety and security. On the other hand, in the name of national

Chinese Communists and Guomindang Forces Relationship

Chinese Communists and Guomindang Forces Relationship This paper seeks to analyze the political situation in the formative years of the Chinese republic in order to understand reasons for a breakdown of the relationship between the Chinese communists and the Guomintang forces. This paper will examine from the collapse of Qing dynasty, the early days of the major political parties, the role played by Russia and the eventual breakout of war to conclude three reasons behind the failed relationship between the Chinese Communists and Guomindang forces , which are difference in ideology, the power hungry nature of the leaders and the suspicion and mistrust between the leadership. The last dynasty of chinas ruling monarchy collapsed in the year 1912, this dynasty was referred to as the Qing dynasty. The main reason for the collapse was lack of popular support from the people and pressure from the public who wanted change .This resulted in rebellion that was later joined by political leaders and the army. The ruler at the time, known as Pu Yi, finally stepped down; an action that signified the end of the monarchy. After the end of the Qing dynasty, China was left with a chaotic situation where separate regions were controlled by army generals who were particularly strong in the Northern region. These generals were referred to as warlords. What made Chinas situation critical at that point was that there but no national leader who could unify the country. None of these army generals was strong enough to control the entire country and thus their sphere of influence was limited to the geographical regions where they were located.  [1]   During the chaotic years of warlord rule many young Chinese joined the different movements such as the Northern campaign, the Fourth of May movement and Communism. The leaders of these movements wanted to bring changes to China at whatever cost and some of the options they had at the time, included adopting foreign ideas. One of the main ideas that gained popularity was communism as the idea of a classless society at the time seemed very appealing to most Chinese revolutionaries and political leaders. Mao Zedong then a librarian at the University of Beijing formed a society through which interested parties could study and discuss Marxist ideals, this society became hugely popular and the members later formed the Chinese communist party  [2]  . At about the same time, Sun Yat-sen a politician and Chinas foremost nationalist leader at the time was organizing his party known as Guomindang or the Peoples National Party. Suns ideals for the new Chinese republic were of a democratic government for the people, National freedom and livelihood for the nations poor. In order to defeat and overthrow the warlords who held most of the country, Sun Yat-sen, using his political party Kuomintang, sought for assistance from major foreign powers of the time, his efforts were however ignored by western countries. Thus in 1921 he turned to Russia where a communist government had taken over power. 2 Russia responded by offering support to both Guomindang and the communist party an act which was the essence of the struggle for political power between the two parties. As a way of boosting both parties Russia sent representatives to help re organize Guomindang and the communist party of china along the lines of the Russian communist party.1 These efforts culminated in the declaration of 1923 where Russia pledged her support for the unification of China and the two political parties declared their cooperation. The coming together of Guomindang and the communist party of China gave birth to what was referred to as the First United Front. 8 With Russias help Sun Yat-sen reorganized his party along the lines of Russian communist party. The party Guomindang grew into a mass party, where all decisions made by the party leaders were final. It was also run along very strict disciplinary lines. 3 Sun invited members of the communist party then still a small party to join Guomindang in their individual capacity, as both parties had a common goal. During this time Russia also offered military support to Guomindang. They brought in officers to train party members and those of the communist party who had joined suns Guomindang.3 Russia also offered weapons and ammunitions. Later a military academy was also developed to train and impart military skills to officers. 1 This Military academy was headed by Chiang Kai-shek who had risen to prominence in the party and was Sun Yat -Sens likely successor. The purpose of the Military support offered by Russia, was to help their two allies the communist party and Guomindang, to defeat the warlords who were mainly located in the North of the country and in the process to unify China into one Republic. But before an attack on the warlords could be launched Sun Yat-sen died of heart attack in 1925.  [3]   A few months after the Death of Sun, Chiang Kai-shek who was the commander of the revolutionary army launched the Northern campaign. However at the same time the Guomindang party was facing tumultuous times, the party had split into two factions, one left wing and the other right wing. The influence of the communist party was also growing within the Guomindang. In response to this and other happenings, Chiang Kai-shek curtailed the participation of communist party members in the leadership of Kuomintang. He also imposed himself as the leader of the revolutionary army. 6 The campaign against the Northern warlords was quite successful; within a few months the revolutionary army had captured most of the northern territory and imposed governments there. Most of the poor peasants in the country side welcomed the revolutionaries as the believed they represented the chance of better days ahead. But as the power of the Guomindang grew the more discontent the communist party became.  [4]   By the time the revolutionaries had conquered most of China the alliance that existed between them disintegrated. Several incidents resulted in a worsening situation. As the Guomindang were about to enter Shanghai city, there was a rebellion from communist members within the city, the response of the Guomindang soldiers when they finally entered Shanghai, was to arrest and round up the members of the communist party and then proceed to massacre them. Later in another incident, the Guomindang party revolutionary soldiers carried out another massacre of communist party members in Guangzhou, killing several hundred in the process. In response the communists who were being purged from the Kuomintang, retreated to the rural countryside and launched an uprising which was led by Mao Zedong. This uprising was easily suppressed by Chiang Kai-sheks forces  [5]  . In 1928 the Guomindang formed a government that was given international recognition in Nanjing as the government of the Republic of China. Chiang Kai-shek also formally became the chairman of the party. Using his influence among the elite and the military power that he had Chiang Kai-shek was able to maintain a dictatorial grip on the party and to defeat those within and without the party who opposed him. He tried to form a modern state but most accused him of abandoning the ideals on which his party was formed.  [6]   On the other hand the Chinese communist party which had almost been crushed by the Guomindang began to rebuild, they recruited peasants from the countryside to join their ranks with an aim of forming an army for the people which was to win the revolution against the Guomindang.  [7]   In 1931 Japan seized Manchuria and installed a puppet regime led by Pu Yi, the last ruler of the Qing dynasty. This resulted in strong anti Japan sentiment within China. Chiang Kai-shek who held the dominant military power within china opened a second front to engage the Japanese, but still gave most of his attention to crushing the Chinese communist party .To this effort the Guomindang launched a series of encirclement campaigns meant to wipe out the communist partys resistance. Of the five campaigns the first three were failures while the fourth and fifth were quite successful resulting in huge loses to life on both sides. But the Chinese communist party, cornered in the city Jiangxi of was severely depleted and its leadership opted for a retreat to shangxi an event which is referred to as the long march.  [8]   The march was brutal to the Chinese communist partys ranks; many tens of thousand were lost along the way due to desertion, attack by enemy soldiers, disease and hunger. But the positive aspect of the long march to the party was that, it brought together members who would later come to form the top leadership and decision making body of the Chinese communist party. This included names such as Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shoqi, Lin Biao, Deng Xiaoping and Zhou Enlai. Another important aspect is that during the long march a meeting of the top leaders established Mao Zedong as the top most leader of the party and with the responsibility to lead on all issues regarding overall strategy for the movement.  [9]   Conclusion After careful analysis it can be established that, the main reasons behind the failed relationship between the Chinese Communists and Guomindang forces can be attributed to a number of factors; first was the difference in ideology between the two parties. The Chinese communist party was of the belief that the fledging Chinese republic would be better off if ruled under a communist ideology almost similar to what existed in the united soviet socialist republic. On the contrary the Guomindangs vision was formed by Sun Yat-sen who was a well traveled man who had studied in Hawaii in the United States. Sun had a vision of the new China as a democratic country where the citizens were free of foreign influence and where they were free and able to earn a living, a form of capitalist society so to speak. This view had been acquired through his travels as a result of the economic progress and developments that he had seen in the western world. Mao Zedong on the other hand came from a peasant family; his view of china was that it was society where the upper class ruled and lorded over the poor masses, he felt that a classless society would be the best way to move China from the inequality and poverty that was endemic of the poor class. This was the basis through which the two leaders adopted and embraced divergent ideologies that eventually resulted in the failed relationship between their parties. Another reason for the failure of the relationship between Guomindang and the Chinese communist party was the power hungry nature of the leaders of these parties. Through out the period when there was a relationship and close interaction between the two parties, one can easily spot incidences where the leaders a good example being Chiang Kai-shek, were primarily interested in being the supreme rulers of a unified China. This was a goal that the two sides were ready to follow at all costs even if it meant massive loss of lives. This in fact was the main reason for such a bitter fall out between two groups that were once collaborators. No one, among the leaders of the two sides was ready to put this ambition aside, instead they carried on with a brutal war with a body count running into the millions just so that they could end up the un opposed rulers of the new republic. Even when the Japanese invaded Manchuria and installed a puppet regime, wish should have been sure because for a tr ue patriot to put any internal differences aside, the war between the two protagonists did not come to an end. Not until one of the sides (Guomindang) was vanquished in war did bloodshed and violence cease in China. Another crucial aspect that contributed to failure in the relationship between the two parties was the Russia factor. From the start when Sun Yat-sen approached the Russians for help after being ignored by western countries, they opted to adopt a dual policy in which they supported both the communist party of China and the Kuomintang, This decision was cunning as it was selfish as Russia itself a fledging republic at the time, wanted to peddle its influence with the two major political players in China at the time, Such a decision was likely to result in conflict at one point or the other, this for a fact was inevitable. It cannot be overlooked that Russia initially gave more support in the form of political strategists, weapons and military aid to the Guomindang. This was so because the party under Sun Yat-sen at that time was larger, stronger and had a wider national appeal as compared to the communist party of China. But once the tide began to change during the war and the communi sts gained an upper hand on the battlefield, Russia switched its support from Guomindang to the Chinese communist party. In a sense it can be concluded that Russia was more interested in spreading its sphere of influence through the adoption of its national ideology in China, to achieve this, it was ready to influence both sides acting as a catalyst to the failure of the relationship that existed between them as long as it achieved its ends.  [10]   Lastly point to note that led to the failure of the relationship between Guomindang and the communist party was the high level of suspicion and mistrust between the leadership of the two parties. In the early part of the alliance between the two parties, Guomindang was much stronger and had a far larger number of members as compared to the Chinese communist party which was a small growing movement at the time, Instead of a situation where the two parties would work together for the greater good of China, Guomindang part leadership would not trust the communists and the communists in return did not have trust in their fellow nationalists, instead Guomindang adopted a policy where communists could only join their party or train in their military academy as individuals and not as members of their own party, they also continuously undermined the communist party leadership due to its weak position and due to the high level of mistrust between the two sides. These according to my analysis are the main reasons why there was a failure in relationship between the Chinese communists and the Guomindang party.

Assisted Suicide Essay -- Euthanasia Essays

The right to assisted suicide is an intricate topic posed upon those in the United States and several other countries throughout the world. Assisted suicide proposes a controversy of whether or not a person has a right to solicit death through the help of a licensed physician. This issue has sparked an intense moral controversy. Assisted suicide has become apparent in various places around the world such as the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Oregon and Washington (Humphry). The increasing legalization of assisted suicide creates an even bigger controversy because it disrespects the beliefs of many who are pro-life. But, the act of legalizing assisted suicide in countries and states shows that people are starting to be think more compassionately instead of binding strictly to the laws. When people think of the words â€Å"assisted suicide† many believe it is the action of helping a person commit suicide without the aid of a licensed doctor, making it seem unlawful and inhumane. The importance of assisted suicide is that is directed by a physician that serves to make dying as painless and dignified as possible. Even with this understanding, people still oppose this action because it goes against their religious and moral beliefs. Others support the legislation because of their compassion and respect for those who suffer. Supporters main argument for assisted suicide is that everyone has their own freedom and self determination to decide what they want to do with their lives; others should not be able to control a persons fate. An advocate believes that assisted suicide should be allowed as long as their is no harm inflicted on others. Contrastingly, people who argue against assisted suicide have the opi... ... should be up to them of how they want to live it. The United States allows for freedom of religion and freedom of speech, so how can assisted suicide not be allowed when we have the right to speak for ourselves. Our life is not our own if we cannot choose when to end it. Works Cited "Assisted Suicide: A Right or a Wrong?." Santa Clara University - Welcome. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2014. http://ww.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v1n1/suicide.html †¨Humphry, Derek. "Liberty and Death: A manifesto concerning an individual's right to choose to die." Assisted Suicide - Information on right-to-die and euthanasia laws and history. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2014. http://www.assistedsuicide.org/liberty_and_death_manifesto_right_to_die.html Kuhse, Helga, Peter Singer, and John Lachs. Bioethics: an anthology. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2006. Print.

Trader Joe’s No average Joe Essay

Trader Joe’s is an American privately held chain of grocery stores founded by Joe Coulombe. Trader Joe’s have been successful business for long time with their unique innovative strategy of selling natural and organic food products with only one brand of an item for low price. Their unique culture of relaxed beach environment and helpful knowledgeable employees makes their customer to stay loyal to the brand. Eighty percent of Trader Joe’s has in-house products that differentiate them from competitors and hard to imitate. Trader Joe’s target young educated people who want to eat healthy for low prices. They can really expand their business by investing in marketing, social media, loyalty- card program and building parking garages and gain bigger broader market segment in food industry. This also will help them competitive advantage over their competitors as they will have solid brand image and be successful over the long term. SWOT Analysis The strengths of Trader Joe’s are selling organic & fresh grocery at low prices, introducing new products to their stores frequently and offering friendly customer service. Trader Joe’s sell natural and organic food at cheaper price than its competitors. They buy in bulk one item rather than buying lot of similar items, which gives them competitive advantage over other supermarkets. Trader Joe’s introduce 10-15 new products every week and had special season items and; thus customers liked trying new items and were getting best product for as much time as stores had the products for. Trader Joe’s employees were knowledgeable, helpful and happy, which made them communicate much better with customers and build a long lasting relationship. This aided in Trader Joe’s customers becoming loyal to the company. The weaknesses of Trader Joe’s are lack in social media, low advertisement, and targeting small market segment. Firstly, Trader Joe’s didn’t have any interaction with media about the company. In addition, they were not utilizing the free social media tool and were not communicating  with their fans on Facebook or Twitter. They didn’t much advertise about the company which is a weakness because this would hurt the sales they can get by advertising since they were selling natural and organic products for low prices. Lastly they targeted only smaller crowd which would also affect that revenue instead of targeting broader segment of people. Since more people are graduating and becoming educated, Trader Joe’s can target them to get higher market share and by marketing they can convey their goal to these educated people. Moreover, they have opportunity to offer baby related products as lot of people buy baby products when they are at grocery shops. Threat to Trader Joe’s are that their secretive private label goods can be identified by competitors and can imitate. Other treat is that the company can loose it’s charm when they grow because they are no more special to customers. Porter’s Five Forces The threat of new entrance is medium because Trader Joe’s is not a supermarket company, so capital requirement is manageable. Getting good quality food for cheaper price is hard to deliver but it is not impossible. However, brand name is difficult to built that Trader Joe’s has done after so many years. The bargaining power of suppliers is low as Trader Joe’s purchase very large quantities of each item in their store, which make the suppliers to give them lowest price. Moreover, suppliers wanted secrecy from Trader Joe’s not disclosing the low price as the to other competitor store suppliers were selling for high prices. If the price of an item increases for suppliers, they can pass that on retailers in food industry. The bargaining power of Buyers is high as customers have lot of other grocery stores option to goto if they thought prices at Trader Joe’s were high. However, in Trader Joe’s case they were offering natural, healthy and organic food items far cheaper than their competitors. So customers were  loyal to Trader Joe’s. The threat of substitute in food industry is medium because people can eat outside more often rather than cooking at home. Moreover, other brand of an item might be more likable by the customers over Trader Joe’s brand. The intensity of competition is high as Whole Food and Kroger are trying imitate what Trader Joe’s are doing, and since they already have brand name achieved, it is not hard to get their prices down by negotiating with suppliers and making their own brand name organic food. In conclusion, the food and grocery industry is attractive since more companies are going towards natural and organic food. With right marketing techniques , good customer service and quality products, it would be good investment in this industry. Environmental Scan Trader Joe’s demographics are college students, health conscious, out-of-work professors, and most important educated customers. Socio-Cultural environment shows that society is gearing towards more natural and organic food and becoming health conscious. More people are having homemade food from savings perspective. Political environment show that FTC has tighten regulation to keep competitive environment. Also, due to Obama Care there is some savings for people that makes grocery products more affordable. Technological environment shows that there is more Point of Sales systems available with electronic shelf labels and scanner. In addition, self-checkout registers and advertising through mobile apps are getting more common. Economic environment factor shows that during economic downturn, in which i people tend to shop more at grocery stores. The gas prices has been low which gives disposable income to try new items at grocery stores. In conclusion, environment analysis suggest that people in the current  economy are getting extra income that they can spend on food that are natural, organic and healthy for them. With competitive market, the trend is moving towards healthy and low price options. From the SWOT, Porter’s Five Forces and Environment Analysis, I recommend Trader Joe’s to increase marketing and advertising their brand much more, create more parking space or redesigning outside of current stores, and giving customers incentives to keep them returning to Trader Joe’s. Trader Joe’s should start using social media tools and use mobile applications to reach out to their fans and show they care about them. This requires less capital investment and offer great way to reach fans and building new customers. Trader Joe’s should make great shopping experience by making their parking lot bigger. They can built parking garages or decks to accommodate lot of customers increasing revenue of the company. Trader Joe’s should give customers incentives through loyalty-card program, and offer coupons on their website and mobile apps that can be added to customers loyalty cards to be easily redeemed. This will motivate customers to come back to their stores and buy more products, thus increasing the company sales and profit.